What is the difference between Exception and Error?

The difference between Exception and Error lies in their purpose and how they should be handled:

• Exception: represents conditions that an application can handle or recover from (e.g., IOException, NullPointerException)
• Error: represents serious system-level problems (e.g., OutOfMemoryError, StackOverflowError) that are usually not recoverable and should not be caught

In general, exceptions are meant to be handled, while errors indicate critical failures in the JVM.